Wire fencing is a critical component for maintaining the security of your farm. Not only does it mark boundaries and protect crops, but it also ensures livestock safety. But what type of wire fencing do you need?
Let’s explore the various types of wire fencing, installation tips, and maintenance advice to help you secure your farm.
Understanding the Basics of Wire Fencing
One of the most crucial parts of farm management is securing your land and livestock with the proper fencing.
Choosing the proper wire fencing for your farm involves assessing your needs and circumstances. Whether you’re safeguarding your vegetable patch or managing a herd of cattle, there’s a wire fence that’s right for you.
Let’s look at the different options available and their advantages and disadvantages.
Chicken Wire
Often used in backyard farms and urban settings, chicken wire is designed with small hexagonal openings. It is an excellent choice for keeping poultry contained while deterring small predators from entering.
Advantages: Chicken wire is affordable and easy to install. It’s also flexible and keeps out most small predators while confining poultry and other small animals.
Disadvantages: Chicken wire is not sturdy enough to withstand force from larger livestock or predators and can rust over time if not galvanized.
Grip Rite 48 in. x 50 ft. Poultry Net, 1" Mesh
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Grip Rite 24 in. x 25 ft. Poultry Net, 1" Mesh
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Electric Wire
Electric fencing delivers a mild shock to discourage animals from crossing the boundary. It’s particularly effective for containing livestock and deterring predators.
Advantages: Electric fencing can be highly effective and requires less material than other fences, making it potentially more cost-effective.
Disadvantages: Electric fences require a power source, which can complicate installation and maintenance. They may also be less effective in dense vegetation or wet conditions.
Read Planning for Electric Fences and Determining What Kind of Electric Fence You Need for more on electric fences
Red Brand Electric Smooth Fence Wire, .25 mi., 17 ga.
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Red Brand, Electric Smooth Fence Wire, .5 mil., 17 ga.
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Hog Panels
Designed for containing pigs, hog panels can feature smaller rectangles at the bottom and larger ones at the top. This design keeps hogs contained while keeping smaller animals or young livestock from escaping through the bottom of the fence.
Advantages: Hog wire fencing’s robust construction resists the force exerted by livestock and requires minimal maintenance. Unlike traditional rolled wire fencing, hog panels come in rigid, pre-assembled panels that simplify installation.
Disadvantages: The initial cost of hog panels can be higher than some fencing alternatives due to their sturdy construction. Although their rigidity adds to their durability, it also means that installation options are less flexible compared to more adaptable fencing types. Additionally, it may not entirely deter climbing or digging predators.
16' Hog Panel
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Non-Climb Horse Wire
Specially designed with the safety of horses in mind, horse wire fencing typically features a non-climb mesh design. The tight weave prevents horses from getting their hooves stuck, reducing injury risks.
Advantages: Horse wire fencing is strong enough to withstand the impact of horses and provides a clear boundary that discourages horses from leaning or chewing on it.
Disadvantages: The initial installation cost of horse wire fencing can be higher due to the need for durable materials and secure installation to protect against injuries. Also, the wire can sag or become damaged if not properly maintained.
Hutchison Western, 12.5 GA Stockman's Deluxe Non-Climb Horse Fence, 72" x 100'
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Hutchison Western, 12.5 GA Stockman's Deluxe Non-Climb Horse Fence, 60" x 100'
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Welded Wire
A versatile and sturdy option, welded wire is created by welding the intersections of the horizontal and vertical wires together. This creates a strong barrier that can contain smaller animals and deter larger ones.
Advantages: Welded wire fencing suits various applications, from livestock containment to garden protection. Its rigid structure prevents sagging and can deter small to medium-sized animals due to the smaller openings.
Disadvantages: Welded wire fencing can be more expensive than other types. Also, when a section of welded wire fencing is damaged, repairing it can be more complicated than other types of fencing.
Galvanized Welded Wire Fence, 48 in. x 100 ft.
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Galvanized Welded Wire Fence, 72 in. X 100 ft.
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Barbed Wire
Barbed wire is known for its deterrent effect. The sharp barbs discourage animals (and people) from attempting to cross the fence line.
Advantages: This traditional choice is cost-effective and relatively easy to install. It’s also durable, can withstand harsh weather conditions, and requires little maintenance.
Disadvantages: Barbed wire can potentially injure animals and people and may not be suitable for smaller livestock due to its wide spacing.
Hutchison Western 6 in. 4-Point 12.5-ga. Barb Wire 1/4-Mile
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Red Brand 4-Point 12.5-ga. Ruthless Barb Wire 1320 ft.
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Woven Wire
Also known as a field fence, woven wire offers a more secure barrier and comes in several types for different purposes. The interlocking wires form a grid to keep smaller animals contained while deterring larger ones.
Advantages: Woven wire provides a secure barrier, making it an excellent choice for containing a variety of livestock sizes. It’s also highly durable.
Disadvantages: This type of fencing can be more expensive and complex to install than other options. Small wildlife can become entangled in the mesh.
Hutchison Western, 47" 12.5G Woven Wire Field Fence, 330ft
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Hutchison Western 39 in. 12.5-ga. Woven Wire 330 ft.
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A note on woven wire fencing:
Different types of woven wire serve different purposes.
- Field woven wire fences are robust and designed to contain large livestock like cattle, hogs, and horses. They feature heavy-duty wire with graduated spacing – narrower at the bottom to prevent small animals from passing through and wider at the top for larger animals. Ideal for farms with diverse terrain, these fences offer durability and flexibility.
- Yard, garden, & kennel woven wire fences protect small pets, garden produce, and play areas. Made with lighter gauge wire and a tight 2-by-2-inch mesh, they keep small animals and pests out.
- Deer and wildlife woven wire fences safeguard gardens and fields from deer and other plant-eating wildlife. This type of woven fencing stands taller than others, usually 6 feet high. They feature graduated mesh sizes with smaller openings at the bottom to deter small wildlife.
Still trying to decide which type of wire fencing you need? Check out Choosing the Right Fence for more help.
Assessing Your Farm’s Wire Fencing Needs
Every farm is unique, with its own set of challenges and requirements. Therefore, assess your specific fencing needs before selecting a type of wire fence and hammering posts into the ground.
Here are some key factors to consider:
Livestock
Different animals have different fencing needs. For instance, goats require tight woven wire fences to prevent them from slipping through gaps, while cattle can be contained with barbed or electric wire fencing. Understanding the needs of your livestock is crucial in selecting the right fence.
Predators
If your area is prone to predators, you’ll need a fence that keeps your animals in and predators out. Electric fences are particularly effective at deterring predators.
Terrain
The lay of your land also plays a significant role in your fencing decision. Flat, open fields may require different fencing than hilly or wooded areas. Consider the cost and feasibility of installing your chosen fence on your particular terrain.
Read Fencing Tips and Strategies for more help in assessing your needs.
Installation Tips for Wire Fencing
Here is a brief breakdown of the steps you’ll need to take to install a wire fence. For more guidance, read Installing a T-Post Fence: Tools, Strategies, and Pitfalls.
Step 1: Mark the Perimeter
- Begin by marking the boundary where the fence will be installed.
- Use flags or spray paint to mark the location of corner or end posts and T-posts.
This step helps calculate the required fencing material and plan the post layout.
Step 2: Install Corner and End Posts
- Install sturdy corner and end posts, which will serve as the main anchors of your fence. These should be placed at every corner or end of the fence line.
- Dig holes for these posts and set them in concrete for stability (if needed), ensuring they are level and properly aligned.
Step 3: Install T-Posts
- T-posts should be spaced evenly along the fence line, typically every 8 to 12 feet, depending on the level of support needed.
- Use a T-post driver to drive the posts into the ground until the anchor plate is buried, ensuring they are straight and aligned with your marked perimeter.
Step 4: Attach the Wire
- Unroll the wire fencing along the outside of the T-posts.
- Starting at a corner or end post, attach the beginning of the wire to the post using wire clips or ties.
- Ensure the wire is positioned at the correct height according to the type of fence being installed.
Step 5: Apply Tension and Attach Wire to T-Posts
- Use a come-along or fence stretcher to apply tension to the wire between corner or end posts. The wire should be taut but not overly tight to prevent damage.
- Once tensioned, secure the wire to each T-post using wire clips designed for T-posts, spacing them evenly to maintain tension and support.
Step 6: Final Inspection and Adjustments
- Walk the fence line to inspect the installation.
- Check that all posts are secure and the wire is evenly tensioned.
- Make any necessary adjustments to ensure the fence is sturdy and functional.
Common Pitfalls to Avoid During Installation
Incorrect post spacing: Ensure your posts are spaced correctly. Too far apart, your fence might sag or fail; too close together, you could waste materials and time.
Poor tension: Livestock or predators can breach a loosely installed fence. Ensure your fence is taut and secure.
Ignoring the terrain: If you’re installing a fence on sloped terrain, ensure you get proper tension from all horizontal line wires. If fencing a curve, lean the posts in the opposite direction of the curve.
Maintenance and Upkeep of Your Wire Fence
Maintaining your wire fence is just as important as its installation. A well-kept fence ensures the longevity and effectiveness of your investment, providing a secure environment for your farm over time.
Routine Maintenance Tasks
- Inspect regularly: Regular inspection is vital to maintaining the integrity of your fence. Walk along your fence line periodically, looking for any signs of wear, rust, or damage.
- Tighten wires: Wires can become loose due to weather conditions or livestock pressure. Regularly check the tension of your wires and tighten them as needed.
- Clear vegetation: Plants growing near your fence can cause damage over time. Keep the fence line clear of vegetation to prevent rusting and ensure the fence remains visible to livestock.
Seasonal Considerations for Wire Fencing Maintenance
Spring and summer: In warmer months, focus on controlling vegetation growth around your fence. You might also need to repair any damage caused by winter weather.
Fall and winter: Before the onset of winter weather, check your fence for any repairs. Ensure posts are sturdy and wires are tight. If you live in an area prone to heavy snow, consider installing snow breakers to prevent damage.
Building a Dependable Wire Fence
The success of a robust wire fence lies in the details: proper planning, precise installation, and regular upkeep. By embracing these guidelines, you’re well on your way to creating a safe and productive farm.
